Political Polarization on Twitter (ICWSM 2015)
A Twitter dataset of 18470 nodes, 48365 edges, collected by Nikolov et al. (OSoMe/Indiana University), 2010. Each record contains retweet edgelist, mention edgelist, node political labels (left/right/-). Twitter retweet and mention networks from 2010 with political leaning labels per user; three graph types for polarization analysis.. Suitable for Political polarization, echo chamber detection, social bubble measurement..
Cite this dataset at
osome-polarization.echo.directory
Analytics
The full graph has 18,470 nodes; this view shows the 1,000-node sample the pipeline drew for display. Node size is centrality, colour is community.
Computed over the full corpus.
Record
- Catalog key
osome-polarization- Authors
- Conover, Michael; Ratkiewicz, Jacob; Francisco, Matthew; Goncalves, Bruno; Menczer, Filippo; Flammini, Alessandro
- Year
- 2011
- Source paper
- Political Polarization on Twitter
- DOI / arXiv
- 10.1609/icwsm.v5i1.14126
- License
- Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) (CC-BY-4.0)
- Records
- 18,470
- Nodes
- 18,470
- Edges
- 48,365 (directed)
- Attributes
- nodes have no attributes; edges have no attributes
- Languages
- en
- Collected
- 2010 (2010s)
- Tasks
- From the graph: link prediction, community detection
- Region
- Global (inferred: the platform is used worldwide)
Provenance
- Originally published at
- https://zenodo.org/records/4589065 link checked
- Hosted copy
- Mirrored on echo.directory on 2026-10-02, 10.9 MB across 1 files. Checksums in MANIFEST.json.
Citations
Political Polarization on Twitter
Michael D. Conover, Jacob Ratkiewicz, M. Francisco, B. Gonçalves, F. Menczer
Journal Article · International Conference on Web and Social Media · 2011
Cited by
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F. Santos, Yphtach Lelkes et al. · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021 · cited 228× - Political polarization of news media and influencers on Twitter in the 2016 and 2020 US presidential elections
James Flamino, Alessandro Galeazzi et al. · Nature Human Behaviour · 2021 · cited 159×
Show all 10
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Jennifer Allen, Cameron Martel et al. · International Conference on Human Factors in Computing Systems · 2021 · cited 150× - Do social media undermine social cohesion? A critical review
Sandra González-Bailón, Yphtach Lelkes · Social Issues and Policy Review · 2022 · cited 108× - Modeling the emergence of affective polarization in the social media society
Petter Törnberg, Claes Andersson et al. · PLoS ONE · 2021 · cited 101× - Quantifying ideological polarization on a network using generalized Euclidean distance
M. Hohmann, K. Devriendt et al. · Science Advances · 2023 · cited 83× - Emojis as anchors to detect Arabic offensive language and hate speech
Hamdy Mubarak, Sabit Hassan et al. · Natural Language Engineering · 2022 · cited 75×
Citation data from Semantic Scholar, retrieved 2026-10-22.
How to cite
BibTeX
@misc{echo2026,
title = {ECHO: Exploratory Compendium of Humanity Online},
author = {Switzer, Braden and Zafarani, Reza},
year = {2026},
url = {https://echo.directory},
note = {Syracuse University}
}
@article{Conover_2021,
title = {Political Polarization on Twitter},
volume = {5},
issn = {2162-3449},
url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v5i1.14126},
doi = {10.1609/icwsm.v5i1.14126},
number = {1},
journal = {Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media},
publisher = {Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence (AAAI)},
author = {Conover, Michael and Ratkiewicz, Jacob and Francisco, Matthew and Goncalves, Bruno and Menczer, Filippo and Flammini, Alessandro},
year = {2021},
month = Aug,
pages = {89–96}
} APA
Switzer, B., & Zafarani, R. (2026). ECHO: Exploratory Compendium of Humanity Online [Data repository]. Syracuse University. https://echo.directory
Conover, M., Ratkiewicz, J., Francisco, M., Goncalves, B., Menczer, F., & Flammini, A. (2011). Political Polarization on Twitter (ICWSM 2015) [Data set]. https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v5i1.14126
MLA
Switzer, Braden, and Reza Zafarani. ECHO: Exploratory Compendium of Humanity Online. Syracuse University, 2026, echo.directory.
Conover, Michael, et al. Political Polarization on Twitter (ICWSM 2015). 2011, doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v5i1.14126.